Policy Harmonization: Limits and Alternatives
نویسندگان
چکیده
Globalization is an important reason for the current interest in the harmonization of national policies. In the European Community/Union harmonization of the national laws and policies of the member states was one of three legal techniques the Rome Treaty made available for establishing and maintaining a common market. The long history of policy harmonization in the EC/EU provides a good empirical basis for a more general analysis of the benefits and costs of a centralized approach to transnational policymaking. The main alternative to centralized harmonization is competition among different approaches to comparable policy problems.
منابع مشابه
Cross-Country Policy Harmonization with Rent-Seeking
In a reciprocal market model with imperfectly competitive firms, domestic policies will differ across countries that are economically and politically diverse. We explore the implications of this standard result with regard to harmonization of environmental policies between corrupt and non-corrupt countries. Imposing a more stringent policy on a non-corrupt government will be welfare reducing to...
متن کاملTrilemma EU and EMU Challenges: Fiscal Competition, Harmonization or Unification
Eurozone has grouped 18 countries in the European area, with different tax systems and thus, on the background of a common monetary policy numerous decisions and commitments for fiscal harmonization were adopted. Unfortunately, the realities did not carried into effect the ambitions assumed, different fiscal sovereignties have perpetuated their coexistence within the well-known frames, insuffic...
متن کاملPolicy Analysis of Allocating the Subsidized Currency to Medication in Iran and Development of Political Alternatives
Introduction: The pharmaceutical industry of each country shows the capability of that country in providing health for the society. Medication has always been one of the most important pillars of health due to its effects on health. As a result, production, distribution, and pricing are a special priority of governments. Therefore, the medication subsidized currency allocation policy was formul...
متن کاملTax Harmonization versus Tax Competition in Europe: A Game Theoretical Approach
The purpose of this paper is to use a game theoretical approach to analyze tax harmonization, or competition, in a monetary union, more specifically in Europe. Without harmonization, free-riding behaviors may appear, leading to a sub-optimal tax equilibrium. Tax competition may also create budgetary problems and the objective of a balanced budget may not be attained. But national tax autonomy h...
متن کاملThe Global Landscape of Occupational Exposure Limits—Implementation of Harmonization Principles to Guide Limit Selection
Occupational exposure limits (OELs) serve as health-based benchmarks against which measured or estimated workplace exposures can be compared. In the years since the introduction of OELs to public health practice, both developed and developing countries have established processes for deriving, setting, and using OELs to protect workers exposed to hazardous chemicals. These processes vary widely,...
متن کامل